# coding: utf-8
#
Jacobi vs Conjugate Gradient
#
# Lets consider solving the discretized 2D Poisson equation with iterative methods.
# In[1]:
import numpy as np
import numpy.linalg as la
from matplotlib import pyplot as pt
# In[2]:
n=16
T = 2*np.eye(n)-np.diag(np.ones(n-1),1)-np.diag(np.ones(n-1),-1)
A = np.kron(np.eye(n),T)+np.kron(T,np.eye(n))
pt.spy(A)
# Define a right-hand side and solve the resulting system directly.
# In[3]:
h = 1/(n-1)
b = h*np.arange(0,n*n)
x = la.solve(A,b)
# Split the matrix into its diagonal and strictly lower/upper triangular parts.
# In[4]:
d = np.diag(A)
D = np.diag(d)
L = np.tril(A,-1)
U = np.triu(A,1)
la.norm(A-(D+L+U))
# Jacobi iteration proceeds using
# $$\boldsymbol x^{(i+1)} = \boldsymbol D^{-1}(\boldsymbol b- (\boldsymbol L+\boldsymbol U)\boldsymbol x^{(i)}).$$
# In[10]:
def jacobi(niter,x0):
xi = x0
for i in range(niter):
xi = np.diag(1./d)@(b-(L+U)@xi)
return xi
niters = np.asarray(2**np.arange(4,12),dtype=int)
x0 = np.random.random(n*n)
jacobi_results = []
err = []
for niter in niters:
jacobi_results.append(jacobi(niter,x0.copy()))
err.append(la.norm(jacobi_results[-1]-x))
pt.plot(niters,err)
pt.yscale('log')
pt.xscale('log')
# In[16]:
def cg(A,b,niter,x0):
rk = b - A @ x0
sk = rk
xk = x0
for i in range(niter):
alpha = np.inner(rk,rk)/np.inner(sk, A @ sk)
xk1 = xk + alpha * sk
rk1 = rk - alpha * A @ sk
beta = np.inner(rk1,rk1)/np.inner(rk,rk)
sk1 = rk1 + beta*sk
rk = rk1
xk = xk1
sk = sk1
return xk
iters = np.asarray(2**np.arange(2,7),dtype=int)
x0 = np.random.random(n*n)
cg_results = []
err = []
for niter in iters:
cg_results.append(cg(A,b,niter,x0.copy()))
err.append(la.norm(cg_results[-1]-x))
pt.plot(iters,err)
pt.yscale('log')
pt.xscale('log')
# In[ ]: