2D FEM Using Firedrake

Copyright (C) 2020 Andreas Kloeckner

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In [82]:
from firedrake import *
import numpy as np
import numpy.linalg as la
import firedrake.mesh as fd_mesh
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Mesh the Domain

This uses meshpy, which under the hood uses Triangle.

pip install meshpy to install.

NB: Triangle is not open-source software. If you are looking for a quality mesher that is open-source (but a bit more complex to use), look at Gmsh.

In [83]:
import meshpy.triangle as triangle

def round_trip_connect(start, end):
    return [(i, i+1) for i in range(start, end)] + [(end, start)]

def make_mesh():
    points = [(-1, -1), (1, -1), (1, 1), (-1, 1)]
    facets = round_trip_connect(0, len(points)-1)
    facet_markers = [1, 2, 3, 4]

    circ_start = len(points)
    nsegments = 30
    points.extend(
            (0.25 * np.cos(angle), 0.25 * np.sin(angle))
            for angle in np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, nsegments, endpoint=False))

    facets.extend(round_trip_connect(circ_start, len(points)-1))
    facet_markers.extend([-1] * nsegments)

    def needs_refinement(vertices, area):
        bary = np.sum(np.array(vertices), axis=0)/3
        max_area = 0.01 + la.norm(bary, np.inf)*0.01
        return bool(area > max_area)

    info = triangle.MeshInfo()
    info.set_points(points)
    info.set_facets(facets, facet_markers=facet_markers)

    built_mesh = triangle.build(info, refinement_func=needs_refinement)
    plex = fd_mesh._from_cell_list(
        2, np.array(built_mesh.elements), np.array(built_mesh.points), COMM_WORLD)

    import firedrake.cython.dmplex as dmplex

    v_start, v_end = plex.getDepthStratum(0)   # vertices
    for facet, fmarker in zip(built_mesh.facets, built_mesh.facet_markers):
        vertices = [fvert + v_start for fvert in facet]
        if fmarker > 0:  # interior facets are negative above
            join = plex.getJoin(vertices)
            plex.setLabelValue(dmplex.FACE_SETS_LABEL, join[0], fmarker)

    return Mesh(plex)
    
mesh = make_mesh()

triplot(mesh)
plt.legend()
Out[83]:
<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x7f9486963890>

Function Space

In [84]:
V = FunctionSpace(mesh, 'Lagrange', 1)

RHS and Coefficient

In [85]:
x = SpatialCoordinate(mesh)
f = conditional(le(sqrt(x[0]**2 + x[1]**2), 0.25), 25.0, 0.0)
kappa = conditional(le(sqrt(x[0]**2 + x[1]**2), 0.25), 25.0, 0.1)

Boundary Conditions

In [93]:
g = interpolate(20.0 * (1-x[0]*x[0]), V)
bcg = DirichletBC(V, g, [1])
bcz = DirichletBC(V, 0.0, [2,3,4])
bc = [bcg, bcz]

Symbolic Trial and Test Functions

In [94]:
u = TrialFunction(V)
v = TestFunction(V)

v
Out[94]:
Argument(WithGeometry(FunctionSpace(<firedrake.mesh.MeshTopology object at 0x7f94865dcd50>, FiniteElement('Lagrange', triangle, 1), name=None), Mesh(VectorElement(FiniteElement('Lagrange', triangle, 1), dim=2), 27)), 0, None)

Weak form

Pieces:

  • inner
  • grad
  • dx
In [95]:
a = kappa*inner(grad(u), grad(v))*dx
L = f*v*dx

Solve and Plot

In [96]:
U = Function(V)
solve(a == L, U, bc)
In [97]:
tricontourf(U)
Out[97]:
<matplotlib.tri.tricontour.TriContourSet at 0x7f9478f4fbd0>
In [92]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
axes = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
trisurf(U, axes=axes)
Out[92]:
<mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection at 0x7f948439d790>
In [ ]: